Brain
Research and Information Network (B.R.A.I.N.)
support brain research
Informational
Resources on Brain Nutrition, Neuroethics, Brain Medicine, Neurobiological
Pharmaceuticals, Neuroscience, Consciousness and Cognitive Enhancement
Resources
please notify synapse@cerebralhealth.com if
a link is broken or for url recommendations
Introduction
to the Brain
Brain
Facts: A Primer on the Brain and Nervous System
presented by the Society for
Neuroscience pdf
Brain Nutrition
Dietary
Supplements: What Do You Know? What Should You Know?
video presentation- October, 2004
by Paul M. Coates, PhD, Office
of Dietary Supplements, National
Institutes of Health
The
Council for Responsible Nutrition The Science Behind
the Supplements
Neuroscience
for Kids - Nutrition and the Brain an excellent introductory
orientation on how diet and nutrition effects the brain.
Vitamin
E Reduces Mental Decline Among Older Persons
by Ray Sahelian, M.D.
Antioxidants
improve cognition in elderly women
Nutrition Research Newsletter, May 2003
Can
nutrient supplements modify brain function?
The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
by John D Fernstrom
High-dose
antioxidant supplements and cognitive function in community-dwelling
elderly women
Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health
by Francine Grodstein, Jennifer Chen and Walter C Willett
Prenatal
Choline Supplements Make Brain Cells Larger, Faster
Duke University Medical Center, March 2004
Alcohol
and the Brain: Neuroscience and Neurobehavior a special
report on the effects of alcohol on the brain
Effects of a 14-Day Healthy Longevity Lifestyle Program on Cognition and Brain Function
You (and Your Brain) are What You Eat by Andrew Weil, M.D
Rise in mental illness linked to unhealthy diets, say studies by Felicity Lawrence
NIH Seeks Strategies to Preserve Brain Health
Cognitive Health by Elizabeth Srejic
Effects of nutrition on brain development in humans by G Robert Delong, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center
The Healthy Brain Initiative: A National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health presented by the CDC and Alzheimer's Association
Mental Health
Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General a superb report on the current state of brain and mental health
Mental health a concern for older people by Bill Mead
May is Mental Health Month, 'Mind Your Health' by Liz Atwell
Long-term Effects of Cognitive Training on Everyday Functional Outcomes in Older Adults The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
Neuroscience Research
UCSF Research Pinpoints Brain Molecule’s Role in Developing Addiction
Immune cells help maintain brain cell renewal by Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Brain Study Examines Maturation Process by Mary Katherine Flanigan
Autistic brain never 'rests' by Megan Rauscher
Evolution
of the Brain and Consciousness
Without Miracles: Brain Evolution and Development
Evolution
of Consciousness Literature Review, Notes and Excerpts
by Doug Phillips
The
Evolution of Primate Intelligence
by Scott Rifkin
Neuroethics
and Cognitive Enhancement
Policy Implications of Technologies for Cognitive Enhancement The University of Arizona
Neuroethics Website at The University of Pennsylvania neuroethics.upenn.edu
Meeting
Neuroethical Challenges in Cognitive Enhancement a
recent conference on the ethical and social implications of cognitive
enhancement.
Neuroethics:
Mapping the Field Conference proceedings. Hosted
by Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco,
May 13-14, 2002.
Articles on Brain Function, Supplementation, and Enhancement
New
Research Finds that the Common Arguments Against the Development of
Cognitive Enhancers are Misguided Nov
14, 2005
The
Battle for Your Brain Science is developing ways
to boost intelligence, expand memory, and more. But will you be allowed
to change your own mind?
by Ronald Bailey
Cognitive
Enhancers May 14, 1998
by Jay Ingram
Race
Is On for a Pill to Save the Memory New York Times,
July 29, 2003
by David Tuller
Brain
Gain: Drugs that Boost Intelligence by Julie Erlich
Enhancing
Cognitive Function Keeping your memory in tip top
shape
LE Magazine May 2000
by Ivy Greenwell
For
Fear of a 'Cognitive Divide' Developing safe, specific,
powerful memory-improving drugs raises many ethical issues about the
implications of cognitive enhancement.
by Eugene Russo
Supercharging
the Brain New drugs promise to improve memory and
sharpen mental response. Who should be allowed to take them?
The Economist, Sept. 16, 2004
Seeking
Smart Drugs Federal and biotech labs research a new generation
of drug therapy that improves memory and concentration without side
effects
by Eugene Russo
'Smart
pills' make headway
by Rita Rubin, USA TODAY
Cognitive Enhancers: The New Frontier in Treating Age and Dementia
by Nadia Halim
No 10 scientist urges brain pills for all by David Cracknell and Steven Swinford
Brain Screensavers
The Secret Life of the Brain Screensaver by pbs.org (also available in Macintosh format)
Wikipedia Entries
Brain introductory article on brain structure, fields of study, and neurobiology
Neuroscience situates the discipline of neuroscience among related scientific research areas, delineates the history of the field, and lists major themes of research
Nootropics explores the different classes of nootropic substances (cholinergics, dopaminergics, and serotonergics) and their uses for depression, brain energy, concentration and memory enhancement
Groups and Usenet
Cerebral Health Group
Alzheimer's Disease Support Group
bionet.neuroscience
rec.drugs.smart
Mind-L neurotech
Forums
Synaptine Nootropics
Cognitive Neuroscience Forum
Immortality Institute
BrainMeta extensive moderator abuse present. While this forum should be listed as a forum in the community as a point of discussion, CerebralHealth.com does not recommend any information emanating from this forum regarding nootropics due to moderator abuse and deception.
Neurotechnology Software
Neuro-Programmer
Advanced Neuroscience
National
Institutes of Health Seminar Series in Neuroscience online
videos in neuroscience.
BrainMaps.org
a high-resolution digital brain atlas based on scanned images
of serial sections of monkey brains that is fully integrated with
a high-speed database server for querying and retrieving data about
primate brain structure and function over the internet.
Brain Conditions and Disorders Research
Alzheimer's Disease
Brain Scans May Predict Alzheimer's Risk
Can You Prevent Alzheimer's Disease? by Christine Gorman
Cognitive enhancement therapy for Alzheimer's disease. The way forward
Parnetti L, Senin U, Mecocci P.
Perugia University, Italy. parnetti@unipg.it
Study hopes to identify brain changes in memory loss
Multiple Sclerosis
Schizophrenia
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy for Schizophrenia: Effects of a 2-Year Randomized Trial on Cognition and Behavior
Gerard E. Hogarty, MSW; Samuel Flesher, PhD; Richard Ulrich, MS; Mary Carter, PhD; Deborah Greenwald, PhD; Michael Pogue-Geile, PhD; Matcheri Kechavan, MD; Susan Cooley, MSN; Ann Louise DiBarry, MSN; Ann Garrett, PhD; Haranath Parepally, MD; Rebecca Zoretich, MSEd
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:866-876.
Neurotransmitter Information and Research
Neurotransmitters and Neuroactive Peptides an introductory presentation on neurotransmitters
Brain Neurotransmitters by Ben Best
Acetylcholine
Acetlycholine a solid introduction to acetylcholine by Dr. William S. Messer, Jr., Professor of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry at The University of Toledo
Dopamine
Dopamine Wikipedia article
Serotonin
Serotonin and Its Uses by Andrea Byrd
Serotonin: The Neurotransmitter for the 90's by Ronald F. Borne, Ph.D., Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi
Histamine
Histamine by Dr. William S. Messer, Jr., Professor of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry at The University of Toledo
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine in Psychiatry by John J. Spollen III, MD
Norepinephrine by Gary Aston-Jones
Epinephrine
Epinephrine Wikipedia entry
Cognitive Enhancers
Research Abstracts
Acetyl-L-carnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine
for dementia.
Hudson S, Tabet N.
Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
A
1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD.
Thal LJ, Calvani M, Amato A, Carta A.
Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego School
of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA. lthal@ucsd.edu
Feeding
acetyl-L-carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves
metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress.
Hagen TM, Liu J, Lykkesfeldt J, Wehr CM, Ingersoll RT, Vinarsky V,
Bartholomew JC, Ames BN.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Comparison
of the effects of acetyl l-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment
of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised,
double-blind, crossover trial
Tomassini V, Pozzilli C, Onesti E, Pasqualetti P, Marinelli F, Pisani
A, Fieschi C.
Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza",
viale dell' Universita 30, Rome 00185, Italy.
Effects
of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease patients unresponsive
to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Bianchetti A., Rozzini R., Trabucchi M.
Geriatric Research Group, Brescia, Italy
Alpha GPC
Cognition stimulating drugs modulate protein kinase C activity in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of …
L Lucchi, A Pascale, F Battaini, S Govoni, M … - Life Sci, 1993 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Multicentre study of l-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine vs ST200 among patients with probable senile …
L Parnetti, G Abate, L Bartorelli, D Cucinotta, M … - Drugs Aging, 1993 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on the EEG power spectrum in the rat
C Lacomba, R Cagiano, O Maci, J Valerio, V Cuomo - Drug Development Research, 1992 - doi.wiley.com
Chronic L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline increases inositol phosphate formation in brain slices …
G Aleppo, F Nicoletti, MA Sortino, G Casabona, U … - Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1994 - grande.nal.usda.gov
alpha-Glycerophosphocholine in the mental recovery of cerebral ischemic attacks. An Italian …
G Barbagallo Sangiorgi, M Barbagallo, M Giordano, … - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1994 - annalsonline.org
Aniracetam
Nootropic
Agents Enhance the Recruitment of Fast GABAA Inhibition in Rat Neocortex
Douglas S.F. Ling and Larry S. Benardo
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New
York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New
York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department
of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center,
Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
The
Mechanism of Action of Aniracetam at Synaptic -Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
Acid (AMPA) Receptors: Indirect and Direct Effects on Desensitization
J. Josh Lawrence, Stephan Brenowitz, and Laurence O. Trussell
Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health
and Science University, Portland, Oregon
Allosteric potentiation of quisqualate receptors by a nootropic drug aniracetam
I Ito, S Tanabe, A Kohda and H Sugiyama
Fujigotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Company, Gotemba, Japan.
Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0450
AIT-082 Neotrofin, leteprinim potassium
AIT-082,
a Cognitive Enhancer, Is Transported into Brain by a Nonsaturable
Influx Mechanism and out of Brain by a Saturable Efflux Mechanism
Eve M. Taylor, Rongzi Yan, Nils Hauptmann, Timothy J. Maher, Daniela
Djahandideh and Alvin J. Glasky
NeoTherapeutics Inc., Irvine, California
Ashwagandha
Scientific Basis for the Therapeutic Use of Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Review
Lakshmi-Chandra Mishra, MD (Ayur), PhD, Betsy B. Singh, PhD, Simon Dagenais, BA
Studies on the immunomodulatory effects of Ashwagandha
Ziauddin M, Phansalkar N, Patki P, Diwanay S, Patwardhan B.
Medinova Diagnostics Center, Indian Drugs Research Association, Pune, India.
Dendrite extension by methanol extract of Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera) in SK-N-SH cells
Neuroreport. 11(9):1981-1985, June 26, 2000.
Axon- or dendrite-predominant outgrowth induced by constituents from Ashwagandha
Neuroreport. 13(14):1715-1720, October 7, 2002.
Centrophenoxine
Potentiation of the cytotoxic action of melphalan and "activated" cyclophosphamide against cultured tumor cells by centrophenoxine
NE Sladek
Modulatory effects of centrophenoxine on different regions of ageing rat brain
Bhalla P, Nehru B.
Department of Biophysics,Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India. Exp Gerontol. 2005 Aug 30
Influence of centrophenoxine on the incorporation of 32P into glycerophosphatides of neurons and gliocytes
Woelk H.
Study of the effect of centrophenoxine on experimental animals poisoned with chlordiazepoxide
Mirchev N.
Age-related decline in multiple unit action potentials of CA3 region of rat hippocampus: correlation with lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin concentration and the effect of centrophenoxine.
Sharma D, Maurya AK, Singh R.
School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Effect of centrophenoxine on the lipofuscin pigments in the neurones of senile guinea-pigs.
Nandy K, Bourne GH.
Choline
Choline: A Vital Amine
Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine
Choline and Human Nutrition
S H Zeisel, J K Blusztajn
Deapartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine
Choline: an essential nutrient for humans
Steven H. Zeisel MD, PhD
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
Choline: an important nutrient in brain development, liver function and carcinogenesis
S. H. Zeisel
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599
Choline: Needed for Normal Development of Memory
Steven H. Zeisel, MD, PhD
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Docosahexaenoic
Acid (DHA)
Health
Benefits of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
Horrocks LA, Yeo YK
Docosa Foods Ltd, 1275 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, 43212-1155, USA
Visual
acuity and the essentiality of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic
acid in the diet of term infants
Birch EE, Hoffman DR, Uauy R, Birch DG, Prestidge C.
Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas 75321, USA.
Decrease
in neuron size in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient brain.
Ahmad A, Moriguchi T, Salem N.
Section of Nutritional Neuroscience, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research,
National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Therapeutic
effects of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester in patients with generalized
peroxisomal disorders.
Martinez M, Vazquez E, Garcia-Silva MT, Manzanares J, Bertran JM,
Castello F, Mougan I.
Hospital Materno-Infantil Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, and the
Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. mmartinez@cinet.fcr.es
Efficacy
and Safety of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Arachidonic Acid Addition to
Infant Formulas: Can One Buy Better Vision and Intelligence?
Winston W. K. Koo, MBBS, FACN
Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan
Modification
by docosahexaenoic acid of age-induced alterations in gene expression
and molecular composition of rat brain phospholipids
Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn, Endre Hgyes, Klára Kitajka,
László G. Puskás, Ágnes Zvara , László Hackler, Jr. , Csaba Nyakas , Zsuzsa Penke and Tibor Farkas
Institute of Biochemistry and Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological
Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
Neurophysiological Research Laboratory of Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; and Department of
Comparative Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
DMAE
General
Treatment,
enhancement, and the ethics of neurotherapeutics
Paul Root Wolpe
Department of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Ethics, Department
of Sociology, and Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Histone
Deacetylase Inhibitors as Cognitive Enhancers
M. Levenson, Ph.D. and J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neuroscience
An hypothesis on the role of glucose in the mechanism of action of cognitive enhancers
GL Wenk - Psychopharmacology (I 989) - springerlink.com
... of action of cognitive enhancers ... These four lines of research have implications for
the role of glucose in the action of specific cognitive enhancers. ...
Cognitive enhancers in theory and practice: studies of the cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive …
TW Robbins, G McAlonan, JL Muir, BJ Everitt - Behav Brain Res, 1997 - ingentaconnect.com
... Cognitive enhancers in theory and practice: studies of the cholinergic hypothesis
of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Authors ...
Effects of four non-cholinergic cognitive enhancers in comparison with tacrine and galanthamine on …
P Chopin, M Briley - Psychopharmacology (Berl), 1992 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Effects of four non-cholinergic cognitive enhancers in comparison with tacrine
and galanthamine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. ...
… flow abolished by scopolamine is reversed by cognitive enhancers associated with cholinesterase …
H Tsukada, T Kakiuchi, I Ando, Y Ouchi - 1997 - jpet.aspetjournals.org
... Functional Activation of Cerebral Blood Flow Abolished by Scopolamine Is Reversed
by Cognitive Enhancers Associated with Cholinesterase Inhibition: A Positron ...
Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to …
KJ Ressler, BO Rothbaum, L Tannenbaum, P Anderson, … - Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2004 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Click here to read Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of
D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. ...
Cognitive enhancers and hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitro
S Kaneko, T Maeda, M Satoh - Behav. Brain Res, 1997 - ingentaconnect.com
... Cognitive enhancers and hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitro. Authors:
Kaneko S.; Maeda T.; Satoh M. 1. Source: Behavioural ...
AMPA receptor modulators as cognitive enhancers
G Lynch - Curr. Opin. Pharmacol, 2004 - ingentaconnect.com
... AMPA receptor modulators as cognitive enhancers. Author: Lynch G. Source: Current
Opinion in Pharmacology, February 2004, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 4-11(8). ...
… brain of the senescence-accelerated mouse: an animal model useful for studies on cognitive enhancers
Y Nomura, Y Kitamura, T Ohnuki, T Arima, Y … - Behav. Brain Res, 1997 - ingentaconnect.com
... NMDA, benzodiazepine receptors and protein kinase C in the brain of the
senescence-accelerated mouse: an animal model useful for studies on cognitive enhancers. ...
CREB and the discovery of cognitive enhancers
R Scott, R Bourtchuladze, S Gossweiler, J Dubnau, … - J. Mol. Neurosci, 2002 - now.humanapress.com
Page 1. CREB and the Discovery of Cognitive Enhancers Roderick Scott, 1 Rusiko
Bourtchuladze, 1 Scott Gossweiler, 1 ... Page 3. CREB and Cognitive Enhancers 173 ...
Applications software as cognitive enhancers
JJ Lambrecht - Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 1993 - eric.ed.gov
Title: EJ469263 - Applications Software as Cognitive Enhancers. Abstract:
Discusses the use of microcomputer applications software ...
Ginkgo
Biloba
Ginkgo
for memory enhancement: a randomized controlled trial.
Solomon PR, Adams F, Silver A, Zimmer J, DeVeaux R.
Bronfman Science Center, Williams College, 33 Hoxsey St, Williamstown,
MA 01267, USA. psolomon@williams.edu
Neuroprotective
effects of Ginkgo biloba extract
Ahlemeyer B, Krieglstein J.
Institut fur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Fachbereich Pharmazie
der Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
Huperzine-A
Structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with the nootropic alkaloid, (−)-huperzine A
Mia L. Raves, Michal Harel, Yuan-Ping Pang, Israel Silman, Alan P. Kozikowski & Joel L. Sussman
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, The Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA, Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel, Institute of Cognitive and Computational Sciences, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA, Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
Efficacy of tablet huperzine-A on memory, cognition, and behavior in Alzheimer's disease.
Xu SS, Gao ZX, Weng Z, Du ZM, Xu WA, Yang JS, Zhang ML, Tong ZH, Fang YS, Chai XS, et al.
Zhejiang Supervision and Detection Station of Drug Abuse, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Hydergine
Lack
of efficacy of hydergine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
TL Thompson, CM Filley, WD Mitchell, KM Culig, M LoVerde, and RL Byyny
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine,
Denver.
The
effects of an ergot alkaloid derivative (Hydergine) on aspects of
psychomotor performance, arousal, and cognitive processing ability
I Hindmarch, AC Parrott, and M Lanza
Idebenone
Sustained efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: update on a 2- …
H Gutzmann, D Hadler - J. Neural Transm, 1998 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Sustained efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's
disease: update on a 2-year double-blind multicentre study. ...
A controlled study of 2 doses of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
G Weyer, RM Babej-Dolle, D Hadler, S Hofmann, WM … - Neuropsychobiology, 1997 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
A controlled study of 2 doses of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. ...idebenone. PMID: 9267856 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Idebenone in patients with Friedreich ataxia
L Schols, M Vorgerd, M Schillings, G Skipka, J … - Neurosci Lett, 2001 - ingentaconnect.com
... Idebenone in patients with Friedreich ataxia. ... Idebenone, a free-radical scavenger, protects mitochondrial function in in vitro models of FA. ...
Idebenone. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in …
JC Gillis, P Benefield, D McTavish - 1994 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Idebenone. A review ... Zealand. Idebenone is a benzoquinone compound which has been investigated in elderly patients with dementia. Its ...
The effect of idebenone, a coenzyme Q analogue, on hydrophobic bile acid toxicity to isolated rat …
KN Shivaram, BM Winklhofer-Roob, MS Straka, MW … - Free Radic Biol Med, 1998 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
... The effect of idebenone, a coenzyme Q analogue, on hydrophobic bile acid toxicity to isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatic mitochondria. ...
Idebenone treatment in Friedreich patients: one-year-long randomized placebo-controlled trial
C Mariotti, A Solari, D Torta, L Marano, C … - Neurology, 2003 - neurology.org
... Idebenone treatment in Friedreich patients: One-year-long randomized placebo-controlled trial. ... Idebenone in patients with Friedreich ataxia. Neurosci Lett . ...
Levodopa
The response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease: imposing pharmacological law and order
Nutt JG, Holford NH.
Department of Neurology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
‘Frontal’ Cognitive Function in Patients With Parkinson's Disease ‘On’and ‘Off' Levodopa
A.M. Gotham, R.G. Brown and C.D. Marsden
From the MRC Movement Disorders Research Group, University Department of Neurology and Parkinson s Disease Society Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London
Minaprine
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed dose trial of minaprine in patients with major depression.
Amsterdam JD, Dunner DL, Fabre LF, Kiev A, Rush AJ, Goodman LI.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
Minaprine, a new drug with antidepressant properties.
Biziere K, Worms P, Kan JP, Mandel P, Garattini S, Roncucci R.
Oxiracetam
Oxiracetam prevents the hippocampal cholinergic hypofunction induced by the NMDA receptor blocker …
P Belfiore, F Ponzio, R Biagetti, C Berettera, M … - Neuroscience Letters, 1992 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Oxiracetam prevents the hippocampal cholinergic hypofunction induced by the
NMDA receptor blocker AP7. Belfiore P, Ponzio F, Biagetti ...
Interactions between oxiracetam, aniracetam and scopolamine on behavior and brain acetylcholine
G Spignoli, G Pepeu - Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 1987 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Interactions between oxiracetam, aniracetam and scopolamine on behavior and brain
acetylcholine. ... Lower and higher doses of oxiracetam were ineffective. ...
… of hippocampally-mediated learning and protein kinase C activity by oxiracetam in learning-impaired …
DE Fordyce, VJ Clark, R Paylor, JM Wehner - Brain Res, 1995 - ingentaconnect.com
... Enhancement of hippocampally-mediated learning and protein kinase C activity
by oxiracetam in learning-impaired DBA/2 mice. Authors ...
Clinical studies with oxiracetam in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct …
C Villardita, S Grioli, C Lomeo, C Cattaneo, J … - Neuropsychobiology, 1992 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Clinical studies with oxiracetam in patients with dementia of Alzheimer
type and multi-infarct dementia of mild to moderate degree. ...
Oxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
G Bottini, G Vallar, S Cappa, GC Monza, E Scarpini … - Acta Neurol Scand, 1992 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Oxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ... Pyrrolidines;
oxiracetam. PMID: 1414239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Oxiracetam prevents the MK-801 induced amnesia for the elevated plus-maze in mice
Z Hlinak, I Krejci - Behav Brain Res, 2000 - ingentaconnect.com
... Oxiracetam prevents the MK-801 induced amnesia for the elevated plus-maze
in mice. Authors: Hlinak Z. 1 ; Krejc I. Source: Behavioural ...
Oxiracetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct dementia: a double-blind, …
G Maina, L Fiori, R Torta, MB Fagiani, L Ravizza, … - Neuropsychobiology, 1989 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Oxiracetam in the treatment of primary degenerative and multi-infarct
dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Maina ...
Oxiracetam increases the release of endogenous glutamate from depolarized rat hippocampal slices
M Marchi, E Besana, M Raiteri - Eur J Pharmacol, 1990 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Oxiracetam increases the release of endogenous glutamate from depolarized rat
hippocampal slices. Marchi M, Besana E, Raiteri M. Istituto ...
Oxiracetam and aniracetam increase acetylcholine release from the rat hippocampus in vivo
MG Giovannini, P Rodino, D Mutolo, G Pepeu - Drug Development Research, 1993 - doi.wiley.com
... Research Article Oxiracetam and Aniracetam Increase Acetylcholine ... ABSTRACT The effect
of two nootropic drugs, oxiracetam and aniracetam, on cholinergic neu- ...
Selegiline versus oxiracetam in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
A Falsaperla, PAM Preti, C Oliani - Clin Ther, 1990 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Selegiline versus oxiracetam in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. Falsaperla
A, Monici Preti PA, Oliani C. Department of Neurology ...
Phenylethylamine (PEA)
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine
specific binding protein in rat brain: purification and characterization
T. Nakaoka, N. Kojima, T. Hamamoto, N. Kurosawa, Y. C. Lee, H. Kawasaki,
K. Suzuki and S. Tsuji
Glyco Molecular Biology, Frontier Research Program, Institute of Physical
and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama.
Picamilon
Piracetam
Smart Drugs: Enhancing Cognitive Function with Piracetam
Piracetam
improves activated blood flow and facilitates rehabilitation of poststroke
aphasic patients.
Kessler J, Thiel A, Karbe H, Heiss WD.
Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany. josef.kessler@pet.mpin-koeln.mpg.de
Long-term and high-dose piracetam treatment of Alzheimer's
disease
B Croisile, M Trillet, J Fondarai, B Laurent, F Mauguiere and M Billardon
Department of Neurology, Hopital Neurologique, Lyon, France.
Piracetam
relieves symptoms in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a multicentre,
randomised, double blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy and
safety of three dosages of oral piracetam with placebo
Marjaleena Koskiniemi, Betty Van Vleymen, Lauri Hakamies, Salla Lamusuo,
Jaakko Taalase
Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki,
Haartmaninkatu 3, SF-00290, Helsinki, Finland, UCB Pharma SA, Chemin
du Foriest, Braine-l'Alleud, B1420 Belgium, Central Hospital of Vaasa,
SF-65130 Vaasa, Finland, Department of Neurology, University Hospital
of Turku, SF-00290 Turku, Finland, Central Hospital of Mikkeli, SF-50100
Mikkeli, Finland
Modulating
effect of the nootropic drug, piracetam on stress- and subsequent
morphine-induced prolactin secretion in male rats
A Matton, S Engelborghs, F Bollengier, E Finne and L Vanhaeist
Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Belgium.
Design
and Study of Piracetam-like Nootropics, Controversial Members of the
Problematic Class of Cognition-Enhancing Drugs
Fulvio Gualtieri, Dina Manetti, Maria Novella Romanelli and Carla
Ghelardini
Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita' di Firenze, Via
G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica, Universita' di
Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Firenze, Italy
Pramiracetam
Pyritinol
Neurochemical studies on the mechanism of action of pyritinol.
Greiner HE, Haase AF, Seyfried CA.
Biological Research, Department of Neurochemistry, E. Merck, Darmstadt, FRG.
On the effects of pyritinol on functional deficits of patients with organic mental disorders.
Herrmann WM, Kern U, Rohmel J.
Activation PET as an instrument to determine therapeutic efficacy in Alzheimer's disease
W. D. Heiss, J. Kessler, I. Slansky, R. Mielke, B. Szelies and K. Herholz
Max-Planck-Institut fur Neurologische Forschung and Neurologische Universitatsklinik, Koln, Germany.
Protection of cell proteins against free-radical attack by nootropic drugs: scavenger effect of pyritinol confirmed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
Pavlik A, Pilar J.
Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague.
Neurochemical effects of pyritinol and their relevance for the treatment of brain function deficits in old age
Dr. Christoph A. Seyfried
Department of Neurochemistry, Biological Research, E. Merck, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany
Pyritinol hydrochloride and cognitive functions: influence on children in slow learner classes
U Walti, M Kuenzler, J Schild, F Vassella, E Pavlincova, J Bircher and N Herschkowitz
Efficacy of pyritinol versus hydergine upon cognitive performance in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: A double-blind multi-center trial
Alzheimer's Research (United Kingdom) , 1996, 2/3 (79-84)
Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine
for cognitive impairment and dementia
Szatmari Sz, Whitehouse PJ
Cochrane Review
Neuroscience
Pharmaceutical Companies
Alseres Pharmaceuticals
Alseres Pharmaceuticals is a development stage biotechnology company
engaged in the research and development of biopharmaceutical products
for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases
and for the treatment of some cancers. The Company has 11 technologies
in its product portfolio, all of which were invented or discovered
by researchers working at Harvard University and it's affiliated hospitals
and has been licensed to the Company. The Company is developing the
ALTROPANE imaging agent, a small molecule invented by researchers
at Harvard and its Affiliates, including the Massachusetts General
Hospital, as an aide in the diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes in
patients with tremor and as an aide in the diagnosis of Attention
Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Cephalon,
Inc. (CEPH)
Cephalon, Inc. is an international biopharmaceutical company engaged
in the discovery, development and marketing of products to treat sleep
disorders, neurological disorders, cancer and pain. In addition to
conducting an active research and development program, it markets
three products in the United States and numerous products in various
countries throughout Europe. The Company operates manufacturing facilities
in France for the production of modafinil, which is the active drug
substance in PROVIGIL (modafinil) tablets [C-IV], and Salt Lake City,
Utah, for the production of ACTIQ (oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate)
[C-II] for worldwide distribution and sale. The Company's three biggest
products in terms of product sales, PROVIGIL, ACTIQ and GABITRIL (tiagabine
hydrochloride), accounted for approximately 86% of its worldwide net
sales for 2003. In August 2004, the Company acquired Cima Labs, Inc.,
a company that develops and manufactures prescription and over-the-counter
products.
Cortex
Pharmaceuticals Inc. (COR)
Cortex,
located in Irvine, California, is a neuroscience company focused on
novel drug therapies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. The
Company is pioneering a class of proprietary pharmaceuticals called
AMPAKINE compounds, which act to increase the strength of signals
at connections between brain cells. The loss of these connections
is thought to be responsible for memory and behavior problems in Alzheimer’s
disease. Many psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, occur
as a result of imbalances in the brain’s neurotransmitter system.
These imbalances may be improved by using the AMPAKINE technology.
Cortex has alliances with N.V. Organon for the treatment of schizophrenia
and depression and with Les Laboratoires Servier for the development
of AMPAKINE compounds to treat the neurodegenerative effects associated
with aging and disease, including Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer’s
disease and anxiety disorders.
DOV
Pharmaceutical, Inc. (DOVP)
DOV Pharmaceutical, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on
the discovery, in-licensing, development and commercialization of
drug candidates for central nervous system and other disorders, including
cardiovascular, that involve alterations in neuronal processing. The
Company has six product candidates undergoing clinical development
that address therapeutic indications: Indiplon, Ocinaplon, Bificadine,
DOV 216,303, DOV 21,947 and DOV Diltiazem. DOV Pharmaceutical also
has two compounds in preclinical development: DOV 102,677 for the
treatment of Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, attention
deficit disorder, and DOV 51,892 for anxiety disorders, including
panic. Based upon preclinical pharmacological data, DOV Pharmaceutical
intends to move these product candidates into clinical testing in
the second half of 2004.
Guilford
Pharmaceuticals Inc. (GLFD)
Guilford Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a pharmaceutical company engaged
in the research, development and commercialization of products that
target the hospital and neurology markets. It markets and sells pharmaceutical
products, conducts clinical research to expand the labeled indications
for its marketed products and develops new product candidates. The
Company also collaborates with other pharmaceutical companies to support
the sales and marketing of its products and the clinical development
of product candidates. Guilford has two marketed products: GLIADEL
Wafer and AGGRASTAT Injection. GLIADEL Wafer provides targeted, site-specific
chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant glioma, at the time of
initial surgery and for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. AGGRASTAT
Injection is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, approved for the
treatment of acute coronary syndrome. During the year ended December
31, 2003, Guilford acquired AGGRASTAT Injection from Merck & Co.,
Inc.
Indevus
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (IDEV)
Indevus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company engaged
in the development and commercialization of a diversified portfolio
of product candidates, including multiple compounds in late-stage
clinical development. As of September 30, 2003, the Company had six
compounds in development: trospium for overactive bladder, pagoclone
for panic and generalized anxiety disorders, citicoline for ischemic
stroke, IP 751 for pain and inflammatory disorders, PRO 2000 for the
prevention of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus and other
sexually transmitted pathogens and aminocandin for treatment of systemic
fungal infections. In addition to its product candidates in development,
Indevus is receiving royalties under a patent it licensed to Eli Lilly
& Company based on net sales of Sarafem in the United States.
Sarafem is prescribed to treat certain conditions and symptoms associated
with pre-menstrual syndrome.
Memory
Pharmaceuticals Corp. (MEMY)
Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp. is a biopharmaceutical company focused
on the development of drug candidates for the treatment of a broad
range of central nervous system (CNS) conditions that exhibit significant
impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. These conditions
include neurological diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's
disease, vascular dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as
well as certain psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia.
Neurobiological
Technologies Inc. (NTII)
Neurobiological Technologies, Inc. (NTII) is a drug development company
focused on the clinical evaluation and regulatory approval of neuroscience
drugs. The Company develops neuroprotective and neuromodulatory agents
to treat progressive neurological impairments characteristic of various
nervous system disorders, including diabetic neuropathy and brain
cancer. It has one approved product and two product candidates in
clinical development. The approved product, Memantine, is an orally
dosed compound that is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe
Alzheimer's disease and is marketed in the United States and Europe.
Memantine is being developed for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
The product candidates are XERECPT, a compound for the treatment of
peritumoral brain edema, or swelling around brain tumors and Viprinex,
a compound for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Neurocrine
Biosciences, Inc. (NBIX)
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. discovers, develops and intends to commercialize
drugs for the treatment of neurological and endocrine-related diseases
and disorders. Neurocrine has 13 programs in various stages of research
and development, including eight programs in clinical development.
Its products under clinical development are indiplon for the treatment
of insomnia; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist for
the treatment of endometriosis and fibroids; altered peptide ligand
for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and Type 1 diabetes; D2 receptor
agonist for the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction; Corticotropin-Releasing
Factor (CRF) R1 antagonist for the treatment of anxiety, depression,
gastrointestinal disorders; CRF R2 peptide agonist (Urocortin II)
for the treatment of cardiovascular disoders, and Interleukin 4 (IL-4)
fusion toxin for the treatment of solid tumors and malignant glioma.
Neurogen
Corporation (NRGN)
Neurogen Corporation is a drug discovery and development company,
targeting new small molecule drugs to improve the lives of patients
suffering from disorders with significant unmet medical needs, including
inflammation, pain, insomnia, depression and obesity. Neutrogena has
generated a portfolio of compelling new drug programs through its
fully integrated drug discovery and development processes. Neurogen's
accelerated intelligent drug discovery (AIDD) process and its cellular
functional assays help in identifying small molecule drug candidates.
The small molecule drugs are suitable for oral administration as a
pill and the large molecule drugs are administered by injection. The
Company conducts its research and development independently and collaborates
with other pharmaceutical companies during the drug research and development
process to obtain additional resources and to access complementary
expertise.
NPS
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NPSP)
NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company focused on
discovering, developing and commercializing small molecule drugs and
recombinant proteins. Its product candidates, which are in various
stages of clinical and preclinical development, are primarily for
the treatment of bone and mineral disorders, gastrointestinal disorders
and central nervous system disorders. One of its product candidates,
cinacalcet HCl, is an orally active, small molecule compound for the
treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Cinacalcet HCl is the subject of
a new drug application that has been filed with the United Stated
Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation
of Medicinal Products. NPS also completed a pivotal Phase III clinical
trial with another product candidate, PREOS, a recombinant, full-length
parathyroid hormone that it is developing for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Additional product candidates, teduglutide and isovaleramide, are
in Phase II clinical trials.
Pharmos
Corporation (PARS)
Pharmos Corporation is a bio-pharmaceutical company that discovers
and develops new drugs to treat a range of neuro-inflammatory disorders.
The Company has a portfolio of drug candidates under development,
as well as discovery, preclinical and clinical capabilities. In October
2001, it sold its ophthalmic product line that included Lotemax and
Alrex, two products that were being marketed, and future extensions
of loteprednol etabonate. As a result of the sale, Pharmos is exclusively
in the drug candidate development stage. Its main product, dexanabinol,
is a synthetic non-psychotropic cannabinoid in late-stage clinical
development for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury.
Titan
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (TTP)
Titan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company developing
proprietary therapeutics for the treatment of central nervous system
(CNS) disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The Company's
internal resources are focused primarily on clinical development of
the following five products: Spheramine, for the treatment of late-stage
Parkinson's disease; Pivanex, for the treatment of non-small cell
lung cancer; gallium maltolate, for the treatment of several cancers
and bone-related disease associated with cancer; Probuphine, for the
treatment of opiate addiction, and DITPA for the treatment of congestive
heart failure.
Neuroscience Graduate School Rankings
vote here
(rankings compiled by Doug Phillips, Director of R&D)
1. University of California at San Diego San Diego, CA
2. Stanford University Stanford, CA
3. University of California at San Francisco San Francisco, CA
4. Harvard University Cambridge, MA
5. Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD
6. Yale University New Haven, CT
7. Columbia University Columbia, NY
8. Washington University St. Louis, MO
9. University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA
10. Massachusettes Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA
11. University of California at Irvine Irvine, CA
12. California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA
13. University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA
14. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA
15. Duke University Durham, NC
16. Brandeis University Waltham, MA
17. University of Washington Seattle, WA
18. Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH
19. University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI
20. University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX
21. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC
22. Rockefeller University New York, NY
23. University of Chicago Chicago, IL
24. Emory University Atlanta, GA
25. University of Colorado Boulder, CO